Phong Nha - Ke Bang World Natural Heritage

Post date: 16/05/2013

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Phong Nha - Ke Bang, lying in a trough - like terrain of Truong Son, belonging to territory of the districts Bo Trach, Minh Hoa with ranges of calcareous mountains which have almost been developing continuously with relatively unified components, is a typical sample of geological process of Karst category and formation of caves which have been taking place globally, not only in the field of biological diversity but also the best scenery in caves of the world.

Phong Nha - Ke Bang area has a group of more than 300 multi-shaped, diverse and magnificent caves named as "the Kingdom of caves" where there is a mystery of wonders and attraction, a paradise for scientists in caves, explores and tourists. Up to now, the British Royal Delegation of Survey, in association with Faculty of Geology of Ha Noi National University, has conducted a systematic, careful study of 20 caves with total length of 70 km, which have been published on the journal of International Caves and valuated as one of the most beautiful sights with characteristics as follows: the cave with the longest underground river, of the biggest height and width, with the longest sand ground therein and the most fascinating stalactite. among the caves, Phong Nha is really prominent with surveyed length of nearly 8 km, mainly with underground rivers and being surely a great cave. Vom cave (with length more than 15 km) is included in the list of the caves with the longest underground rives in the world.

Together with miraculous cave system, the Troc river, Chay river and Son river in Phong Nha - Ke Bang region, with the clear and transparent flows of water running among the rock mountains beautified with forests, have created a poetic sight as an attracting water - color painting.

The primitive forest Phong Nha - Ke Bang, with tens of mountain tops of more than 1,000m high, full of obstacles and no human footprints, is an attractive place for climbing and exploration. For instance, crest Co Rilata of 1,128m high, crest Co Preu of 1,213m high. Lying among the crests over 1,000m are the valleys and the mountains with the height from 800m to 1,000m, suitable forecological tourism and climbing such as mount Phu Sinh of 965m in height, mount Ma Ma of 835m in height. Especially, mount Ma Tac, 721m in height, has a valley bed with 70 ha in width.

In Phong Nha - Ke Bang National park, there is still existing a primitive tropical forest, little affected, with the covering of more than 96.2% and high biological diversity. In this area, in the beginning, there is according to the data of survey, many endamic strains of plants of the limestone mountain such as Cho Dai, Cho Nuoc, aquilaria, Nghien, Sang, Ba Kich and Sao... Vessel plants included 1,762 families, 511 stains, 875 species, in which, 38 species have been recorded in the Red Book of IUCN (the international Union for Conservation of Nature and 13 endemic species in Vietnam. Besides diverse resources of plant, as for animals, 140 species have been identified, 35 animal species have been described in Vietnam Red Book and 19 species have been listed in Red Book of IUCN; 356 species of birds, in which 15 species have been recorded in Vietnam Red Book and 19 species listed in Red Book of IUCN; 99 species of reptiles and amphibians, in which 18 species are listed in Vietnam Red Book and 6 species are recorded in Red Book of IUCN; 259 species of butterflies; 162 species of fish, in which there are 4 endemic species to Quang Binh. Especially, the forest on calcareous mountain is a living place for the anthoropoids, with 10 species of anthropoids in Viet Nam, 7 species of anthropoids are listed in Red Book of Vietnam and 3 strains of high endemicity in Vietnam. In comparison with other conservation regions and national parks in Vietnam, the abundance of the animal species in Phong Nha - Ke Bang is rather high. The rare and precious species, especially the anthropoids, have been found with the highest number of the country.

Besides the vegetation and wild animals, Phong Nha - Ke Bang region is also the place where the highly valuable historical and cultural heritage of many ages have ever been and is currently existing such as archaeological heritages of prehistory, Cham culture, and ancient Viet, vestiges of the base of resistance war against the French of Ham Nghi king in late 19th century at Mai Rai mountain and well-known places such as Xuan Son ferry, Ho Chi Minh trail, the Quyet Thang road No.20 which have entered into the legend associated with brilliant feats and lofty sacrifice of Vietnam people in the war for independence and unification of the fatherland.

In addition, in Phong Nha - Ke Bangf live mostly Chut ethnic minority people, a few Viet and Bru-Van Kieu ethnic minority people. In Quang Binh, there are about 3,500 Chut-Sach, Chut-May, Chut-Ruc, Chut-Arem, Chut-Ma Lieng people who mostly scatter in Tuyen Hia, Minh Hoa and a few in Bo Trach district. In Phong Nha - Ke Bang area, about 2,450 persons of Chut ethnic minority people present in Minh Hoa and Bo Trach districts, most of them are above memtioned clans, expect Chut-Ma Lieng. Chut ethnic minority people (named Chut Poong) owns the language that is guessed to be divided from first Viet-Muong language in most V-VI century. Name "Chut" means "limestone curtain", "mountain". Chut ethnic minority people are now agriculturalists, but they used to earn a living by hungting, picking and live in extremely bachward and wild conditions. All most of all Chut ethnic minority people lived on shifting cultivation and wandering hill tribes in forests and caves... Today, spirit and physical life of Chut ethnic minority people has been improving step by step. Chut ethnic minority people with material adn non-material life that is the object of study of many scientists and it is also the attractive destination for ethnic minority people cultural tourism in Phong Nha - Ke Bang area.

During the past years, Phong Nha - Ke Bang resort as become a favorite tourism area of the tourists. The number of tourists to Phong Nha region has increased more and more, especially from the time when Phong Nha - Ke Bang National Park was recognized as an World Natural Heritage. Together with My Son holy land, Hoi An ancient town, Hue ancient capital, the World Natural Heritage has formed and opened an original touring route, the Central Heritage Road, which will create Considerable attractiveness to tourists.

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